In earlier phases and activities one or more relevant reference models could have been presented in the engagement. They are used to speed up the process. The Business Analyst or Business Architect are likely to be aware of existing references models like e.g. an Insurance reference model or an mortgage reference model as he/she is assumed to be knowledgeable in this field of expertise. A good example of an information reference model is the information model that describes the capabilities or information services that a commercially off-the-shelf software package offers like e.g. SAP industry models. Other examples may be information models that have been developed and described by Capgemini or a third party.